Basic terminology

In this idea I would like to cover basic market/crypto terminology for beginners!

Trading is a speculation in various assets with the aim of making a profit.
Technical analysis is a type of market analysis that uses information from price movements on a chart.
Fundamental analysis is a type of market analysis that uses information about a project, segment and market as a whole to create trading hypotheses.
Liquidity is the ability to quickly execute a transaction.
KYC - “Know Your Customer” is a mandatory procedure for identifying users for financial institutions, exchanges, and brokers.
Fiat money is paper notes with several degrees of security, which are issued by the state for circulation within the country and abroad. This type of money also includes virtual funds, stored on a simple plastic card, and also accepted for payment for goods and services. P2P trading is the direct buying and selling of cryptocurrency by users without the participation of a third party or intermediary.
Ticker is a short name given to the project for identification in financial markets (in crypto, most often the name of the token).
Spot trading is real-time trading of a physical asset.
Order - an application to buy/sell.
Limit order is an order to buy/sell at a limit price you define, which is lower than the current one when buying and higher than the current one when selling. Such orders fall into the order book.
Order book is a list of limit orders on the market at the current moment.
Makers are traders who work with limit orders. Add liquidity to the exchange.
Market order is a buy/sell order that is instantly triggered at the current price at the current moment.
Takers are traders who work with market orders. They take away the liquidity of the exchange.
Stop-limit order is a limit order that, when the stop price is reached, is placed in the order book.
Take profit is a limit or market order with which profit is fixed.
Stop Loss is an order that will allow you to close a losing position so as not to incur a larger loss.
Futures trading is the trading of regular or perpetual contracts. This is an agreement that in the future one party will sell or buy something from the other party.
Long - Long position, work to increase prices.
Short - Short position, work to lower prices.
Stop market order is a market order that, when the stop price is reached, interacts with the nearest limit orders in the order book.
Hedging is a tool that allows you to reduce risks by trading on different markets. Leverage is a multiplier that allows you to open a position with a volume exceeding your deposit.
Margin is the minimum amount of equity in the account that ensures maintaining an open position. Isolated margin is a margin provision in which a limited amount of margin (allocated by you) is used.
Cross margin is a margin provision in which the entire futures deposit is used. Liquidation is the forced closure of a position with the loss of futures deposit funds (with cross margin) and the loss of the margin allocated for the transaction (with isolated margin).
ADL (auto deleveraging) is a method of liquidation that occurs only if the exchange's insurance fund ceases to function.
Last price - the cost of the last sold contract from the order book (order book).
The mark price is an average price that is calculated based on the latest prices of several major exchanges. Prices on exchanges are different.
TradingView is a web service for technical analysis of trading charts.
Backtest is work on the history of the chart, which is aimed at testing and getting used to the trading strategy, as well as collecting statistics. Statistics help you understand whether a trading strategy is working.
Bullish candle is a candle that indicates upward price movement.
Bearish candle is a candle that indicates downward price movement.
Price Action (PA) is a method based on analyzing a price chart using candlestick formations.
Candlestick formation is a graphical pattern of several candles that indicates the mood of the market.
Patterns are a graphical pattern, visible on the chart in the form of figures, indicating the mood of the market.
Time frame - the time during which one candle is formed on the price chart.
HTF - Higher Time Frame. MTF - Medium Time Frame. LTF - Lower Time Frame. H4 - 4 hour. H1 - 1 hour. M15 - 15 minute. M5 - 5 minute.
Trend is a market tendency that is formed as a result of purchases/sales of a sufficiently large volume of assets and capable of influencing price movements.
Uptrend is an upward price movement formed as a result of successive purchases of a large volume of an asset.
Downtrend is a downward price movement formed as a result of successive sales of a large volume of an asset.
Accumulation is a narrow price range in which a large player accumulates (buys) a position with the goal of selling an asset at higher prices. This creates an upward trend. Distribution - a narrow price range in which a large player distributes (sells) a position in order to make a profit. This creates a downward trend.
Market cycle is a chain of market phases during which a major participant accumulates/distributes a position, initiating an upward/downward movement.
Bulls are buyers.
Bears are sellers.
HH (Higher High) - higher maximum. HL (Higher Low) - higher minimum. LH (Lower High) - lower maximum. LL (Lower Low) - lower minimum.
Impulse movement is movement directed along the main trend.
Correction is a movement directed against the main trend.
Swing is a structural point.
Swing High - the highest structural point.
Swing Low - the lowest structural point.
Strong Swing - a price high/low that is key within a specific structural movement. Update of this point leads to a change in structural movement.
Weak Swing - a price high/low that has no impact on the structural movement.
Market Structure (MS) - market structure.
Bos (break of structure) - breakdown of structure.
Conf (confirmation) - continuation (update) of the structure.
Fake bos – formation of manipulation in the zone of a key structural high/low.
Liquidity (in the understanding of the concept) is the ability to buy or sell a large volume of assets without affecting the price. Large participants are exchanges, funds or wealthy traders (crypto market), central banks and their interbank algorithms which have a large amount of funds or assets, which makes it possible to manipulate the value of an asset.
Support level is a conditional price level for purchases, which acts as a zone of liquidity accumulation.
Resistance level is a conditional sales price level, which acts as a zone of liquidity accumulation.
Sweep/Raid - false update of highs/lows in order to remove liquidity.
BSL (Buy Side Liquidity) - liquidity as a goal for buyers.
SSL (Sell Side Liquidity) - liquidity as a goal for sellers.
EQH (Equal Highs) - equal price highs.
EQL (Equal Lows) - equal price minimums. Internal liquidity is an accumulation within a sideways movement or formed impulse, between a structural maximum and a minimum, on the corresponding TF.
External liquidity - accumulation outside the boundaries of the sideways movement and at the structural highs and lows of the corresponding TF.
Compression is liquidity that is formed as part of a corrective movement between key structural points.
Crypto market is a market where participants 24/7 trade assets associated with blockchain technologies on centralized and decentralized crypto exchanges.
Bitcoin is the first cryptocurrency payment system that laid the foundation for the entire crypto market and has maximum trust among the community.
Altcoins are cryptocurrencies launched as an analogue of Bitcoin with certain improvements in technology (speed, functionality, scalability).
Tokens are modern altcoins, which, thanks to technological development, have moved away from cryptocurrency payment systems to implement functionality for the decentralization of classic centralized services, organizations and services.
Stablecoins are tokens that are pegged 1:1 to fiat currencies.
On-chain analysis is a type of analysis that uses transaction data within a blockchain to predict future changes in price.
Lot is a unit of measurement for the value of a transaction.
Pip is a unit of measurement for changes in the value of currency pairs.
Spread is the difference between buying and selling.
Broker is an intermediary between the trader and the Forex market.
Prop company is a company that finances traders.
Trading sessions are the time frames for banks' work.
Fibonacci numbers are elements of a number sequence in which the first two numbers are 0 and 1, and each subsequent number is equal to the sum of the previous two numbers.
OTE (Optimal trade entry) – zone of optimal entry into a position, specifies the entry point into the position.
Premium/Discount - sales area and purchase area.
Balance - balance. Imbalance - disequilibrium. In the context of trading - price inefficiency.
Fair Value Gap (FVG) is a graphical pattern indicating a price imbalance.
Slippage is the difference in price that can occur between the time an order travels and its actual execution.
Rebalance is the process of covering market imbalances.
Fill - complete coverage of the FVG zone.
Order Block is a certain price area where large market participants leverage their large volumes of purchases / sales by capturing reverse orders (liquidity), which leads to a sharp acceleration in price.
Absorption is the closing of a subsequent candle or several subsequent candles (not necessarily the first) with a body below or above (depending on the direction) the body of a potential order block. It is the most important factor in validating a potential block. Breaker Block / BB (breaker) is an order block that breaks through and leads to a reversal of the price movement (BOS or Shift*), then becomes a breaker. In the future, it will act as a “support/resistance for price” zone during testing.
Rejection Block is a separate form of order block in the form of a large wick that removes liquidity.
Mean Treshold (MT) - the level of the middle (50%) of the OB body. 50% of the order block body is the second most important level that the price can test in the future. The level indicates the validity of the block. We must observe how price behaves with the MT level during the subsequent test.
Profit - profit from the trades.
Risk management is the process of making and executing management decisions aimed at reducing the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and minimizing possible losses caused by its implementation. In trading, R is used to indicate possible risk. Discipline is strict and precise adherence to the rules accepted by a person for implementation.
RR - Risk to Reward - the ratio of risk and reward (RR 1:3 would mean that I risk 1 to get 3).
R is a conventional unit that the trader risks in a transaction.
WinRate is an indicator of a trader's success, calculated as a percentage.
Sideways movement (consolidation, sideways, Range, flat, range) is a market situation when the price of an asset is in a narrow range, without clear signs of an upward or downward trend.
Deviation is the price going beyond the lateral movement in order to remove external liquidity. Indicators are tools based on statistical indicators of trading: prices, trading volumes, etc.
Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a well-known indicator based on price momentum. It is widely used to measure the rate of price changes.
PD Array Matrix - Premium/Discount matrix. It is expressed in the sequential arrangement of areas of interest (POI) and problem areas FTA within the premium / discount range.
Point of Interest (POI) - area of interest. This is a certain price range on the chart from which a price reaction is expected and a position is entered.
First Trouble Area (FTA) - the first problem area. In essence, this is also a POI, but formed against our main structural price movement. Usually acts an obstacle to the delivery of prices to the renewal of the structure, which leads to a “complex correction”. Fractality is the ability of prices to repeat identical price movements on different timeframes.
Substructure is a full-fledged structural price movement on a lower timeframe, inside a senior impulse or corrective movement.
Long Term - long-term perspective. Intermediate Term - mid-term perspective. Short Term - short-term perspective.
ROI (Return on Investment) is an indicator of return on investment.
FOMO – fear of missing out (Fomo) - a feeling of lost profits.
Trading strategy is a set of rules that determine all the actions of a trader in the process of trading in financial markets.
Investing is making a profit by helping projects in the early stages, when they have not yet entered the market.
Medium/long-term speculation - making a profit by purchasing assets after the launch of the project.
Market cap of a project is the circulating supply of an asset * at the current price of the asset.
FDV (Fully Diluted Market Cap) - market capitalization at the current price when tokens are fully released to the market.
The maximum (total) supply of tokens is the number of tokens when fully unlocked. The circulating (current) supply of tokens is the number of tokens that have been mined to date.
Total market capitalization is the sum of all market capitalizations of projects. Dominance is an index that shows the ratio of the market capitalization of an asset and the overall market capitalization.
Cumulative delta - cumulative delta over a certain period of time. It combines the accumulated delta information and then displays this information visually in the form of a histogram.
Delta is the difference between market buy and sell orders.
Volatility is a financial indicator that reflects how much the price of an asset or product changes in a short period of time. In other words, this is the range in which the price fluctuates during the day, week, month, year. Imbalance is the state of the market during a period when demand prevails over supply or vice versa.
Transaction feed - detailed information on transactions, where you can see how much of an asset was bought/sold (volume), at what price, when bought/sold (time), which order was the initiating one, i.e. who sent the order from the market, buyer or seller (direction).
Pump and Dump - a sharp increase in the exchange rate in the markets followed by a strong collapse.
Mining is the process of processing transactions in blockchains using the Proof-of-Work consensus algorithm.
Validation is the process of processing transactions in blockchains using the Proof-of-Stake consensus algorithm.
The consensus algorithm is a technology that allows information to be added to the network without centralized intermediaries.
Smart contract is an algorithm that allows certain actions to be performed on the blockchain and acts as a decentralized intermediary.
Contracts, deferred payment systems, insurance - all this can be written in a smart contract.
Scam - any type of fraud/unforeseen circumstances that caused the loss of assets. X - received or potential profit, which is measured by multiplying the deposit.
Narrative is a market segment that receives a lot of attention and investment. For example, the AI sector.
Whitepaper is a technical document that describes the basic principles of the protocol. Hold - holding assets for a long time.
TGE (Token generation event) is the process of creating tokens, which most often starts when an asset is first listed on sites. The project announces its launch on a specific date and time. When this date and time is reached, a program is created with a predetermined number of tokens and operating parameters.
Lockup - period of freezing/blocking of tokens. For example, lock 1 year start after TGE - one year of token freezing, which starts after listing.
Vesting is a linear unfreezing of tokens. Usually you receive tokens once a month or quarter, in equal parts. For example, 10 month vesting starting on December 1, 2023 - 10 months linear vesting, we will receive tokens in equal parts over 10 months.
Cliff is the same lock, but is more often used when there is a period of unfreezing along with vesting, for example, 3 month cliff followed by a 10 month vesting starting on December, 2023 - 3 months - complete freezing, after which 10 months you will receive tokens linearly in equal parts.
Allocation is the amount per participant with which he can purchase assets. For example, allocation is $100-1500. This means you can purchase assets ranging from $100 to $1,500.
Listing - the process of placing an asset at the market.
Venture funds are organizations engaged in investments at the earliest stages. Most often, investments go into the idea, rather than the finished/working product.
Seed Round is a round for large funds and investors. The best profit potential, but the biggest risks.
Private Round is a round for smaller funds, or additional fundraising by large funds. The potential is worse, but the project already has some success.
Public Sale/Round - a public investment round, anyone can participate. The worst potential, but the product is already functional.
Tokensale - an event during which a Public Sale/Round is held. Tokens are sold to anyone. It is carried out to make a profit, as well as a more even distribution of tokens. ICO is a token sale on specialized centralized platforms.
IDO is a token sale on decentralized platforms.
IEO - token sale on exchanges.
IGO is a token sale of gaming-related projects.
Launchpad is a platform that helps projects launch a product. Assistance in marketing, economic model, initial investment and token sale.
Tokenomics is the internal economy of the project. Describes the economic relationship between elements of the system.
Supply/Token Supply - the number of tokens that the project issues as part of tokenomics. The supply can be: constant, inflationary and deflationary.
TVL (Total Value Locked) - the volume of assets blocked on the network.
CEX is a centralized exchange.
DEX is a decentralized exchange.
NFT is a non-fungible token. Technology that enables the digitalization of physical assets as well as images, videos and music.
PFP (Profile Picture/avatar) - NFT, which is used as an avatar on Twitter, Discord, Telegram. Minting (Mint/Mint/Mining) is the process of creating an NFT token. The best example is the creation of a new NFT collection by the project to develop its ecosystem.
Whitelist is a list of users who receive priority access to a specific action (purchase of NFTs, participation in a sale, access to a product, etc.).
Reveal is the process of opening a real NFT image. When participating in the launch of a collection of projects, very often you initially receive some kind of blurry image that opens after some time. After opening, you can see the characteristics of your NFT and its rarity.
Flip (Flip/flipper) - purchase of NFT for the purpose of subsequent resale. To put it simply, it's just speculation. People look for NFTs for less and sell them for a little more. Floor Price (Floor/Floor/flur) - lower price limit. Using this information, you can track the dynamics of interest in the collection. JPGs are NFTs that can be in the format of JPG, PNG, GIF, audio/video files or computer games.
Delist - the process of removing a token or NFT from an exchange/marketplace. Roadmap is an action plan that a project plans to implement to achieve its goals.
Gas - a sharp increase in the cost of gas (commission) in the Ethereum network, when a massive project enters the market in which everyone wants to participate. To participate in such projects, you need to conduct transactions from your wallets. A large number of such transactions loads the network and increases the transfer fee. DYOR (Do your own research/duor) - conducting your own research on the project. A person who makes such a note abdicates his responsibility for advice.
Airdrop is a crypto-activity in which a project distributes its tokens or NFTs for simple actions. Most often used for media purposes.
Retrodrop is a crypto-activity in which a project distributes its tokens for participation in the early work of the product. Most often used to increase on-chain parameters, test the service under load, and distribute tokens.
Testnet is a beta version of the project, which is intended to test the functionality and performance of the product.
Faucet is a service that allows you to obtain test tokens for working with the test version of the project.
Mainnet - launched version of the product.
Nodes - network nodes that allow the network to function.
Play-to-Earn/Play2Earn/P2E is a crypto-game concept that allows you to receive project tokens for playing time and activity.
Metaverse are ecosystems trying to develop the direction of virtual worlds.
DeFi (Decentralized Finance) - decentralized finance. A separate segment of the crypto market trying to create a decentralized analogue of the current financial system (TradeFi).
DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization) - decentralized autonomous organizations. A direction that develops solutions for decentralized management. Staking is the delegation of assets to validators.
Farming/Yield farming is the process of making profit through DeFi protocols. Pharming allows you to receive rewards in the form of protocol tokens for providing loans, receiving loans, participating in liquidity pools, as well as through other forms of interaction with platform protocols.
Landing - depositing one's funds in order to receive interest or a loan in order to receive third-party assets in return for one's own.
Oracles are decentralized applications whose task is to collect reliable information from the outside world and convert it into a form convenient for blockchain applications.
AMA session (Ask Me Anything) is an event held in text, voice and video format, at which the project team communicates with users and answers questions.
Crosschain is a decentralized application that allows you to connect different blockchains.

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✅Disclaimer: Please be aware of the risks involved in trading. This idea was made for educational purposes only not for financial Investment Purposes.

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