Riding The Wave - The Importance of Top-Down AnalysisIn this video I explain why a top-down analysis is important when it comes to increasing the odds of price moving in your favour. I know it is extra work, but it isn't much, especially in terms of being a part of the most lucrative industry in the world.
Trading from the higher timeframe simply allows you to "ride the wave" by going down to trade on the lower timeframe. Now, this is all relative to the timeframes you are on and not based on what is considered high or low timeframes. But simply put, if the higher timeframe is trending or being drawn to a specific price or level, then the displacements in price towards that direction will outweigh any displacements via retracements in the opposite direction.
So, I hope this video gives some insight into this topic if you were wondering if it is really something you should do. If you desire higher win-rates, then the answer is yes.
- R2F
Beyond Technical Analysis
Improve Trading Discipline and FocusMindfulness has emerged as a powerful tool for improving performance in high-pressure fields, and trading is no exception. In the world of trading, where discipline, focus, and emotional control are paramount, the application of mindfulness techniques can help traders stay grounded and make more objective decisions. The combination of mindfulness with trading discipline allows for greater self-awareness, improved concentration, and the ability to detach from market noise and emotional triggers.
1️⃣ The Foundation of Mindfulness: Awareness of the Present Moment: Mindfulness starts with developing an awareness of the present moment—an invaluable skill for traders who often face information overload. In trading, being fully present means focusing on the data and market conditions as they are right now, not letting past mistakes or future anxieties cloud judgment. For example, when analyzing market trends, the ability to focus solely on current price action without allowing external distractions can improve execution timing. I’ve found that setting aside 10-15 minutes each morning for mindfulness practice, such as focusing on breathing or meditating, helps prepare my mind for the trading day ahead. This small act can cultivate a state of calm that carries into my trading.
2️⃣ Enhancing Emotional Regulation to Overcome Impulse Decisions: One of the most valuable aspects of mindfulness for trading is its capacity to regulate emotions. Emotional decisions—whether driven by greed or fear—often lead to suboptimal outcomes. Mindfulness trains traders to observe their emotional states without reacting impulsively. This detachment from emotional highs and lows prevents “revenge trading” or the urge to chase losses, which I have personally witnessed derail several trading plans. For example, a trader might see a sudden market drop and feel compelled to exit a position prematurely. However, practicing mindfulness during such events enables the trader to observe the fear, recognize it, and stick to the original strategy.
3️⃣ Reducing Overtrading Through Increased Discipline: Mindfulness helps curb the tendency to overtrade. Overtrading often stems from the need to be constantly active in the market, which can result in poor trade setups and increased order clusters. Mindful traders learn to wait patiently for high-probability setups by cultivating awareness of their own trading behaviors. Personally, I’ve reduced my trading frequency by becoming more mindful of whether my trading actions are rooted in well-thought-out plans or simply in a need to “do something.” Waiting for the right moment rather than reacting to every market tick has yielded better risk-adjusted returns over time.
4️⃣ The Role of Focus: Strengthening Attention and Reducing Market Noise: Mindfulness practices also enhance focus, helping traders concentrate on key aspects of their strategy while blocking out irrelevant market noise. This is especially important in today’s markets, where social media and constant news updates can easily distract traders from their core strategy. I’ve found that short mindfulness exercises, such as concentrating solely on breathing for a few minutes between trades, help clear my mind and reset my focus. This mental reset makes it easier to refocus on technical analysis or strategy execution, avoiding the temptation to deviate based on irrelevant news.
5️⃣ Improving Decision-Making Under Stress: Trading is inherently stressful, especially during periods of volatility or uncertainty. Mindfulness equips traders with the tools to make clear, objective decisions even under pressure. By increasing awareness of physical and emotional stress responses, you can recognize when stress is clouding your judgment. I’ve learned to spot signs of physical tension, such as shallow breathing, that occur when I feel rushed to execute a trade. Recognizing these stress signals helps me pause, reassess, and make more rational decisions. This simple pause can make a significant difference in trade outcomes.
6️⃣ Creating a Consistent Trading Routine with Mindful Breaks: Integrating mindful moments into a daily trading routine builds consistency, which is vital for long-term success. Just as athletes incorporate rest days to maintain peak performance, traders can benefit from taking mindful breaks throughout the day. These breaks reduce mental fatigue and allow for clearer thinking. For example, after a morning trading session, stepping away for five minutes to practice a mindfulness exercise—such as focusing on sensations or a brief body scan—helps reset my mind. This habit has made a tangible difference in my ability to stay disciplined during afternoon trading sessions, maintaining my edge and remaining in the zone.
7️⃣ Detachment from Outcome: Embracing Losses Mindfully: Lastly, mindfulness helps traders detach from specific trade outcomes and accept losses with grace. Losses are inevitable in trading, but how traders handle them determines long-term success. Mindfulness encourages acceptance of both wins and losses without emotional attachment, focusing instead on the process. This mindset shift allows traders to learn from losing trades without falling into a downward emotional spiral. I’ve found that by reviewing my damage control assets in a calm, mindful state—rather than reacting with frustration—I can extract valuable lessons that improve future performance.
Mindfulness techniques offer traders a way to navigate the complexities of the financial markets with greater focus, emotional regulation, and discipline. By incorporating mindfulness into a trading routine, traders can maintain clarity even during volatile market conditions, leading to improved decision-making and long-term success.
e-Learning with the TradingMasteryHub - Growth is "simple"🚀 Welcome to the TradingMasteryHub Education Series! 📚
Looking to unlock consistent growth in your trading? Today, we’re diving into a powerful yet straightforward formula that many overlook. Growth isn’t magic; it’s a process that involves discipline, patience, and following a few key principles. Let’s explore seven strategies that can lead you to consistent success.
1. Get Rid of the Idea that You Can Calculate Profit
It’s time to rethink profit calculation. Many traders rely on risk/reward (R/R) ratios to estimate their potential profits, but the truth is, you can’t predict how far the market will go or how volatile it’ll be on the way. Setting a profit target can actually work against you. Your brain becomes fixated on that goal, which can cause you to make irrational decisions, like holding on too long when the market is telling you to exit. It’s more likely that you’ll lose out by not taking profits before reaching your target than by missing an extended move.
Instead of trying to calculate profit, focus on managing your trades as they unfold. No one knows where the market will go, but you can follow the price action and let it lead you to bigger gains than you initially expected.
2. Always Use a Stop Loss
The stop-loss order is your best friend in trading because it’s the only thing you can control. A stop loss does more than protect your capital—it measures your discipline and ability to stick to a plan. It helps you stay aligned with your risk tolerance (what I like to call your “bud meter”).
Set your stop loss at significant areas in the market. The best place to put it? Where you’d place the opposite trade. For example, if you’re buying, put the stop loss where a sell order would make sense in the current market context. This prevents you from being stopped out prematurely and ensures you stay on the right side of the momentum.
3. Add to Your Winners, Cut the Losers
Adding to winners is a game-changer. Most traders fade out of winning trades too quickly because they fear giving back profits. But by adding to positions that are moving in your favor, you’re compounding your success. Don’t worry about getting in at a higher price—if the market is showing strength, it’s a sign to follow.
Let’s look at how most traders handle a winning trade:
- They take small profits at 1:1 R/R ratio, move their stop loss, and try to let the rest run.
- But in doing so, they lock in limited gains and miss out on the bigger move.
Now, here’s what the top 10% of traders do:
- Instead of scaling out, they add to their winners at each significant level.
- By adding small positions as the market runs, they compound their gains, allowing the trade to grow much larger than initially estimated.
This approach not only maximizes your gains but also lowers your risk on each successive entry.
4. Only Trade in Trend Direction
Trading with the trend is like surfing—catching the wave takes you much farther than paddling against it. In bull markets, overhead resistance zones are often broken, just like support levels in bear markets. These trends are driven by large institutional players, like hedge funds and banks. Retail traders only make up a small fraction of the market, so swimming against these currents is a losing game.
About 20% of trading days in major indices are strong trending days where the market moves in one direction all day long. To take full advantage of these days, you need to add to your winning trades as the trend progresses.
5. Seek the "Brain Pain"—It’s a Sign of Growth
Your brain is wired to avoid pain at all costs, and this can be detrimental to your trading. Most traders scale out of winning positions too soon because their subconscious is trying to protect them from the fear of losing profits. On the flip side, they’ll add to losing positions, convincing themselves that they’re getting a “discount,” even when the market shows otherwise.
To become a winning trader, you need to train yourself to embrace discomfort. This means adding to your winning trades, using stop losses that you can stomach, and cutting losses as soon as your brain starts to rationalize bad decisions. Losing should never bother you—it’s part of the game. What matters is your overall growth and consistency, not avoiding pain in individual trades.
6. Don’t Do What 90% of Traders Do—Be the 10%
Want to be in the top 10%? It’s simple: avoid the mistakes of the 90%. Here’s how:
- Always set a stop loss.
- Add to your winners, don’t fade out.
- Cut losses before they snowball.
- Trade the market, not your account—don’t take revenge trades to “get even.” Focus on what the market is showing you, not what your account balance says.
The market doesn’t care about your profit target. It only cares about price movement, so align yourself with it.
7. Analyze Your Trades, Not Just Your Results
The best way to grow as a trader is through post-trade analysis. Screenshot your charts, mark your entries, stop losses, and exits, and review them daily. This helps you identify both technical and psychological weaknesses in your trading.
Think of it this way: if you had a business partner who consistently made poor decisions, you’d fire them eventually. Be your own business partner, and change your behavior if it’s not delivering results.
🔚 Conclusion and Recommendation
Growth in trading is a simple formula: get rid of fixed profit targets, control your risk with stop losses, add to winners, and cut your losers. Follow the trend, embrace discomfort, and don’t fall into the traps that 90% of traders do. Analyze your trades with an honest eye, and over time, you’ll see steady growth.
Success in trading isn’t about perfection—it’s about discipline, consistency, and continual learning.
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THE SILENT EXODUS: EXPLORING WHY TRADERS ABANDON THE MARKETSMarketing serves as a powerful catalyst, attracting millions of newcomers to trading each year, many of whom quickly incur losses, much to the delight of brokers. In most instances, these losses can be attributed to the traders themselves. Regulators make efforts to warn those seeking quick profits, often highlighting disclaimers on the home pages of nearly every broker's website. However, this doesn’t deter many individuals from entering the market. While it is true that after a few weeks or months, many traders abandon trading entirely, only a small percentage of those who leave ever return. Many are familiar with the statistic that suggests 90% of traders lose 90% of their money within just 90 days. This striking figure underscores the challenges and risks associated with trading.
📍 TRADING OR EMPLOYMENT
"Start working for yourself" This rallying cry echoes through countless videos, books, and articles focused on financial independence, self-motivation, and personal development. The benefits of self-employment are numerous:
You’re free from the pressures of management, which often comes with constant demands and can dampen your spirit with their dissatisfaction.
You’re not bound by a rigid work schedule, allowing you to take breaks whenever you need without the hassle of requesting time off.
There’s no obligation to adhere to corporate dress codes or behavioral standards.
You can prioritize your health by taking breaks as needed, rather than pushing yourself to the limit.
You save precious time by eliminating lengthy commutes, rather than spending two hours traveling to and from work.
You can enjoy peace of mind without the constant worry of being fired at any moment.
You have the freedom to manage your own time and control your income. A self-employed individual tends to be optimistic about the future, believing that they can shape it to perfection.
Trading is one pathway to achieving financial independence, and one of its main advantages is that you can start with just $1000 and a few hours of dedicated practice after work. However, in reality, many experience disappointment as the challenges of trading become apparent.
📍 1. FREEDOM COMES WITH RESPONSIBILITY
After experiencing initial setbacks, a trader soon realizes:
🔹 There is no guarantee of a consistent income in trading; instead, there's a significant risk of loss. In a traditional job, a paycheck is typically guaranteed.
🔹 Achieving a stable income through trading requires hard work and dedication—it relies entirely on your own efforts. Contrast this with a job where you could occasionally slack off or take smoke breaks without any impact on your salary.
🔹 The cost of a mistake in trading is your own money. In a job, salary cuts are rare, and while management might voice their frustrations, you can often tolerate the pressure.
🔹 Financial discipline becomes paramount. While it’s possible to ask for time off, arrive late, or take it easy in a corporate job and still receive your salary, in trading, laziness directly correlates with diminished returns. The more you slack off, the less you earn.
📍 2. SELF-MOTIVATION
One of the greatest challenges of being self-employed, particularly in trading, is the imperative to motivate oneself consistently. It requires discipline to wake up at a set time instead of indulging in the comfort of staying in bed until late morning. The allure of self-employment often leads to a false sense of freedom, allowing procrastination to seep in with thoughts like, “I’ll sleep just one more day and start fresh tomorrow.”
This mentality can be tempting, especially when there are no immediate consequences to breaking your own schedule. In a traditional job, the structure is clear—if you fail to adhere to a timetable, you risk disciplinary action or even losing your job. In contrast, self-employment can foster a more relaxed approach, where late starts and distractions like binge-watching TV shows can take precedence over important tasks.
However, this path can lead the self-employed individual back to where they started—feeling subdued by the very freedom they sought. Without external accountability, the trader might find themselves floundering, lacking the motivation to push through challenging days. Ultimately, the responsibility falls solely on them to create a routine, set goals, and maintain the drive necessary to succeed. In this realm, it becomes essential to cultivate self-discipline, transforming the vibrant freedom of self-employment into a powerful engine for productivity rather than a pathway back to the constraints of traditional employment.
📍 3. FAILURE TO STOP IN TIME
Another extreme in self-employment occurs when individuals become so absorbed in their work that they risk burnout. The overwhelming workload can render the structured environment of a previous job seem like a utopia, where the stress was lower and work hours were clearly defined. In this state, income becomes the sole motivation to continue.
If the financial rewards from trading are only slightly above a previous salary—especially when weighed against the stress and exhaustion—many traders may find themselves reconsidering a return to traditional employment. This highlights the necessity of establishing boundaries and prioritizing self-care. Striking a balance between professional ambitions and personal well-being is critical for sustained success and happiness in self-employment.
📍 4. EMOTIONAL BREAKDOWNS
Emotional breakdowns can arise as a consequence of stress, heavily influenced by an individual’s previous work experiences. For someone coming from a job filled with constant stress and pressure, trading may initially feel like a liberating and fulfilling pursuit. However, if their prior role was calm and unchallenging, the high-stakes nature of trading—marked by significant risks and rapid decision-making—can lead to overwhelming emotional strain.
The stark contrast between their past work environment and the volatility of trading may trigger anxiety and emotional instability. This highlights the importance of understanding one's emotional resilience and stress tolerance before diving into a high-pressure endeavor like trading. Acknowledging these differences is crucial to managing stress and preventing emotional breakdowns in the pursuit of success.
📍 IS THERE A WAY OUT?
Many traders leave the field due to their inability to acknowledge mistakes, manage time effectively, and take personal accountability. The pressure of sole responsibility can be overwhelming, causing their trading endeavors to falter. In a traditional job, it’s easy to attribute failures to external factors such as a boss, colleagues, or economic conditions. Similarly, in trading, one might blame brokers or market fluctuations. However, losses are inevitable, and without self-reflection, traders often label the profession a “scam” and revert to their previous roles.
The core issue lies in the perception of comfort. In trading, comfort is subjective and often equates to a personal sense of responsibility. If you are willing to own your decisions and embrace the challenges, then trading can be rewarding. Conversely, if comfort for you means avoiding responsibility and sticking to a structured environment, trading may not be the right choice. Ultimately, understanding your own expectations and readiness for accountability is crucial for success in trading.
📍 CONCLUSION
Many insights seem self-evident, yet traders often overlook them until they face these realities firsthand. The information presented in this post may appear straightforward, but beginners frequently dismiss these truths, clinging to the hope that the challenges of trading will somehow lessen over time. If you are embarking on your trading journey, it's essential to recognize that trading is hard work.
Be prepared to invest significant time and effort into learning and gaining experience. It is crucial to set realistic expectations and understand that, especially in the initial stages, your focus should be on education and skill development rather than seeking immediate profits. Allow yourself at least the first six months of intensive study before considering trading with real money. Embracing this approach will not only equip you with the necessary knowledge but also help build a sustainable foundation for your trading career.
Traders, If you liked this educational post🎓, give it a boost 🚀 and drop a comment 📣
Forex Portfolio Selection Using Currency Strength Index (CSI)Hello Traders,
Today, I’ll share my portfolio selection approach in forex trading. This method helps identify the best forex pairs to trade based on their relative strength.
The simplest and most effective strategy is to use the Currency Strength Index (CSI), combining the H4, Daily (D1), and Weekly (W1) cumulative strength. By analyzing this data, we can identify the strongest and weakest currencies at any given time.
Once we have this information, the next step is to pair the strongest currencies with the weakest. Here are today’s portfolio selections:
BUY Pairs: GBPUSD, GBPCAD, GBPNZD
SELL Pairs: USDJPY, CADJPY, NZDJPY, USDCHF, CADCHF, NZDCHF
The key benefits of this portfolio selection process are:
A focused view on the most profitable currency pairs
An objective approach to trading decisions
Clear direction on which way to trade (buy or sell)
Like, comment by letting me know what you think and follow me for more trading education.
Happy trading!
The key to starting a trade is support and resistance points
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As you study candles, you will learn about trend reversal sections.
Therefore, rather than learning the shapes or patterns of candles, when you study them, you will be able to see the support and resistance points and sections made up of the selling area and trend reversal sections in a big picture.
Therefore, rather than trying to memorize the shapes or arrangements of candles, it is important to see whether support and resistance points and sections are formed when such shapes, arrangements, and patterns appear.
The same goes for other studies related to charts.
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As you study candles, you will find that what you have studied appears in the sections where candles are gathered.
These areas are drawn as horizontal lines to indicate support and resistance points.
However, objective information is needed to conduct trading on the horizontal lines drawn like this.
Otherwise, even the support and resistance points you drew will likely become useless lines if you conduct barrack trading because you don't trust them.
Be careful because your psychological state will interfere with analyzing the chart.
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The easiest way to obtain this objective information is the Heikin Ashi chart and the Renko chart.
The Heikin Ashi chart and the Renko chart help you check the trend because they show fewer fakes and sweeps.
(Heikin Ashi chart)
(Renko chart)
Among these, you can immediately see that the Renko chart is a bit easier to find support and resistance points.
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You can think of the points near the end of the blocks on the Renko chart as having strong support and resistance points.
Therefore, among the horizontal lines drawn on the chart above, the 2800.0 and 4000.0 points are the end points of three blocks, so they can be seen as strong support and resistance points.
If you change the Renko chart to a regular candle chart, you can clearly see that it will form support and resistance points or sections.
However, since the Renko chart changes the price in blocks, it is difficult to trade at this point.
Therefore, the Heikin Ashi chart or Renko chart is good to use when analyzing the chart, but it is difficult to trade.
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To compensate for this, we created a horizontal line at the price position using indicators (StochRSI, OBV, CCI, RSI) that have been used for a long time.
The horizontal line connected to the current candle position plays the role of the current support and resistance point.
And, since the longer the horizontal line, the stronger the support and resistance role, you can see that it plays the role of support and resistance even if it is not connected to the current candle.
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The support and resistance points drawn on the Heikin Ashi chart or Renko chart are difficult to use for trading, but you can easily check the support and resistance section by looking at only the 1D chart.
However, in order to display support and resistance points with a general candle chart, support and resistance points must be displayed on the 1M, 1W, and 1D charts.
And, the order of charts with strong support and resistance is 1M > 1W > 1D charts.
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When you look at the 1M, 1W, and 1D charts using the HA-MS indicator, horizontal lines like the above are displayed.
You can display them by changing the line type or line thickness to make them easier to see and then proceed with trading.
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The above content corresponds to the method of finding support and resistance points included in general chart-related books.
Of course, it is different from the explanation in the chart-related book, but I explained how to use indicators to more clearly indicate support and resistance points.
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Even if you trade with the support and resistance points above, it will not work well when you actually trade.
This is because you are not familiar with the most important trading strategy in trading.
In conclusion, the most important thing is to create a trading strategy, rather than finding the support and resistance points explained above, looking at the trend line, or looking at indicators.
However, it is very difficult to create a trading strategy that fits your investment style from the beginning.
So, you should practice creating a trading strategy that suits you while trading based on the information of the objective chart.
In order to trade, you need to decide on the following three things:
1. Investment period
2. Investment size
3. Trading method and profit realization method
The above three things must be determined.
No. 1 and 2 are determined according to your investment style.
Therefore, it is recommended not to change No. 1 and 2 after you start trading.
3. Based on the information of the actual chart, the buy section, sell section, and stop loss point are determined.
In addition, the profit realization method can be determined according to the investment period.
The profit realization method is:
1. How to get cash profit
2. How to increase the coin (token) corresponding to the profit
There are methods 1 and 2 above.
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In order to create a trading strategy, it is important to display all the information you want on the chart before starting the transaction.
If you do not, and then display lines on the chart after starting the transaction, psychological factors will be added and displayed, so the possibility of not trusting the lines drawn after starting the transaction increases.
To prevent this, it does not matter if you use the indicator added to the HA-MS indicator.
The reason is because it is objective information.
You should increase profits or reduce losses by adjusting the investment ratio while conducting the transaction using this objective information.
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Have a good time.
Thank you.
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Building a Trading PlanBuilding a Trading Plan
When it comes to the dynamic world of finance, a well-developed plan is the cornerstone of effective trading. Although it may seem that building trading plans is useful only for traders with little experience, a plan empowers any trader to make informed decisions. This FXOpen article will delve into how to make a trading plan that aligns with your unique goals and risk tolerance.
Setting Your Trading Goals
A personalised business plan for traders serves as a bridge between your aspirations and reality. Therefore, having a strategy that aligns with your financial goals is a must. Whether you are aiming for short- or long-term targets, your strategy will be the roadmap that guides you to them. Set clear and attainable trading goals so you don’t have to jump in over your head and worry about every little detail.
Analysing and Researching the Market
Gaining an advantage in the market starts with a comprehensive analysis. You may learn all the tools available to perform a thorough analysis to decipher market trends and patterns. You can find many useful tools on the TickTrader platform. Along with this, traders learn about the fundamental factors that potentially affect the assets they will trade. By accurately identifying opportunities, traders can move forward with confidence.
Defining Your Trading Style
Selecting a trading style that complements your goals is an important step. The first step is to reflect on your personality. Are you a risk-taker who thrives on short-term gains, or do you prefer a more measured approach? Self-awareness forms the foundation of your style. It’s also a good idea to assess how much time you can commit to trading on a daily or weekly basis.
You may start with a style that matches your initial assessment. But remember that finding the right style may require trial and error. You can trade with virtual funds on demo accounts to get a practical idea of how your chosen style works for you.
Learning Risk Management Techniques
You will need to identify the level of risk you’re comfortable with. If you align your trading approach with your risk appetite, trading will become much more comfortable. Moreover, reducing risk is a trader’s mantra. Consider setting stop-losses and take-profits.
Try to find optimal position sizing techniques, ensuring that each trade matches your risk tolerance. Diversification, a time-tested strategy, further strengthens your trading portfolio against unforeseen market fluctuations.
Testing and Optimisation of Your Plan
Practice makes perfect. At FXOpen, you can use a demo account, which allows you to practise and refine your strategy in a risk-free manner. This lets you adjust your trading plan based on actual results. Then, a great way to go is to evaluate your trading performance regularly. Through this iterative process, the strategy becomes a powerful tool that helps build traders’ most effective methods.
Trading Plan Examples
Here are two simplified examples of trading plans for different trading styles. Analyse them carefully before drawing up your own.
Example 1: Day Trading Plan — Intraday
1. Goals and Objectives
- Aim to achieve consistent daily profits.
- Maintain a win rate of at least 60%.
- Limit maximum daily loss to 2% of capital.
2. Market Analysis
Focus on technical analysis using candlestick patterns, support and resistance levels, and indicators like Moving Averages and Relative Strength Index (RSI).
3. Risk Management
- Set stop-loss at a maximum of 1% of trading capital per trade.
- Use position sizing to ensure trades are within risk tolerance.
- Avoid revenge trading after hitting the daily loss limit.
4. Trading Routine
- Start with pre-market analysis and identify potential trading opportunities.
- Trade during peak market hours to catch maximum liquidity.
- Keep a trading journal to track trades, results, and areas for improvement.
Example 2: Swing Trading Plan — Daily to Weekly
1. Goals and Objectives
- Target larger price moves and trends over several days to weeks.
- Achieve an average of 15-20% annual return.
- Limit drawdowns to no more than 10% of capital.
2. Market Analysis
- Combine technical and fundamental analysis.
- Consider macroeconomic factors and news events for a broader market context.
3. Risk Management
- Set stop-loss orders at levels that align with technical support or resistance.
- Risk no more than 2-3% of capital per trade.
- Diversify by trading different assets or industries to reduce correlation risk.
4. Trading Routine
- Conduct analysis and review trades in the evenings or over weekends.
- Monitor positions periodically but avoid over-trading.
- Keep a trading journal to assess the effectiveness of your strategy and make adjustments.
Remember that these examples are simplified and don’t cover every aspect of a comprehensive plan. You need to tailor your plan to your risk tolerance, your style, and your personal circumstances. Additionally, trading carries inherent risks, and it’s essential to understand the markets, strategies, and risk management tools before executing trades.
Final Thoughts
In this article, we discussed the steps applicable for trading with different assets, including forex, crypto*, stocks, and commodities. With the right guidance, tools and knowledge, you can create a stock trading business plan that enhances your strengths and fulfils your needs and desires.
By building a plan according to your aspirations and risk tolerance, you will have a strategy that is sustainable in the face of market volatility. And then our tools, low commissions, tight spreads and our huge variety of assets will make trading easy. Open an FXOpen account and discover a world where informed decisions determine success.
*At FXOpen UK and FXOpen AU, Cryptocurrency CFDs are only available for trading by those clients categorised as Professional clients under FCA Rules and Professional clients under ASIC Rules, respectively. They are not available for trading by Retail clients.
This article represents the opinion of the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand only. It is not to be construed as an offer, solicitation, or recommendation with respect to products and services provided by the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand, nor is it to be considered financial advice.
Basic example of starting a trade
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This is an example of starting a trade, explaining that you should objectively define the basics that are right for you.
Therefore, I hope that this will be an opportunity to reexamine your trading judgment criteria rather than judging it as right or wrong.
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It is showing a downward trend without breaking through the sell line of the superTrend indicator.
Accordingly, the key is whether it can receive support near the M-Signal indicator (approximately 59953.52) on the 1W chart and rise above 60672.0-61099.25.
If not, you should check whether it is supported near the MS-Signal (M-Signal on the 1D chart).
Therefore,
1st: 59053.55
2nd: 57889.10
You should check whether it is supported near the 1st and 2nd above.
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Usually, there are many cases where you trade impulsively based on your psychological state.
To prevent this, it is good to have an objective trading method according to your investment style.
This objectification is best done at the support and resistance points drawn on the 1M, 1W, and 1D charts.
Therefore, it is good to trade based on whether it is supported near 59053.55 or 60720.0-61099.25.
However, judging whether it is supported only by sight can lead to an incorrect judgment depending on psychological factors that occur during trading, so it is good to have objective information as the basis for judgment.
It refers to indicators added to the chart as objective information.
The MS-Signal indicator is used as a trend-related indicator, which is the M-Signal indicator of the 1M, 1W, and 1D charts.
As a trading-related indicator, the HA-Low, HA-High indicators and their corresponding box sections, superTend, and volume profile are used.
As a trading-related reference auxiliary indicator, the BW indicator and StochRSI indicator are used.
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If we explain the current movement by referring to these indicators,
- The superTrend indicator, which is passing around 60672.0-61099.25, has failed to rise above the sell line,
- It is showing a downward trend below the M-Signal indicator of the 1W chart,
- The StochRSI indicator is showing a trend of changing from an upward to a downward slope in the overbought section. However, since the StochRSI indicator has not yet fallen from the overbought zone and is not in a state where StochRSI < StochRSI EMA, it is difficult to see it as a downward turn.
Therefore, an aggressive sell (SHORT) is possible between the M-Signal indicator of the 1W chart and the 60672.0-61099.25 range.
Afterwards, when the StochRSI indicator falls from the overbought zone and becomes a state where StochRSI < StochRSI EMA, if it shows resistance near 59053.55 or the MS-Signal (M-Signal on the 1D chart) indicator, you can sell (SHORT).
If it is supported at the point mentioned above, you can buy (LONG).
However, it is recommended to check whether the state has been changed to StochRSI > StochRSI EMA.
If not, it can pretend to rise and fall right away.
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Have a good time. Thank you.
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- Big picture
It is expected that the real uptrend will start after rising above 29K.
The section expected to be touched in the next bull market is 81K-95K.
#BTCUSD 12M
1st: 44234.54
2nd: 61383.23
3rd: 89126.41
101875.70-106275.10 (overshooting)
4th: 134018.28
151166.97-157451.83 (overshooting)
5th: 178910.15
These are the points where resistance is likely to be encountered in the future. We need to see if we can break through these points.
We need to see the movement when we touch this section because I think we can create a new trend in the overshooting section.
#BTCUSD 1M
If the major uptrend continues until 2025, it is expected to start by creating a pull back pattern after rising to around 57014.33.
1st: 43833.05
2nd: 32992.55
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Is your ETH and SOL working for you !?The crypto market never sleeps which means leaving your holdings stagnant could mean missing out on significant opportunities.
So it’s time to ask yourself:
Are your assets maximizing their potential, or are they just gathering virtual dust?
You wouldn’t leave all your money in a low interest savings account, so why do it with your crypto?
The idea is to put your investments to work, so they keep earning returns without you lifting a finger. I’ll walk you through exactly how to read it and use it to your advantage.
But that’s just the beginning, we’ll also be covering:
-Yield strategies: A breakdown of the strategies we use to generate yield.
-Pros and cons: The advantages and drawbacks of each strategy.
Not sure what options are best for you?
Are you letting your capital sit idle?
Worried about security risks?
This analysis is about to change that .I’ll show you how to maximize your returns and crush those security fears, so you can confidently put your assets to work
Let's dive right in and kick things off with the ‘crowd favorite’ of yield strategies: staking
Staking is exclusive to Proof of Stake (PoS) blockchains and their associated tokens.
Meaning you cannot gain staking yield from Bitcoin, for example, because it is a Proof of Work (PoW) blockchain. by staking your tokens like CRYPTOCAP:ETH or CRYPTOCAP:SOL , you receive a portion of newly minted tokens, effectively earning yield while playing a vital role in securing the network.
If you’re not staking, you could be missing out on significant gains, with potential returns ranging from 3% to 18% APY. that’s why many investors choose to stake their assets rather than let them sit idle
Staking has become a widely adopted strategy, with staking ratios (amount staked vs. unstaked) sitting between 20% and 80% on most POS blockchains In fact, a staggering $520 billion is currently staked across the top PoS blockchains, underscoring its popularity as a method for generating additional income.
Assuming an average 5% reward rate, that equates to $25 billion in staking rewards. That’s massive.
Despite the appeal of earning extra income through staking, becoming a solo staker can be technically challenging which is why staking providers like Lido, Rocket Pool, and Jito have emerged.
They handle network validation for the rest of us, while maximizing our staking yield.
Let’s break down the pros and cons of using a staking provider:
Pros:
✅ Security and efficiency: Our tokens are put to work securely and efficiently, contributing to the network’s security without us having to manage it all ourselves.
✅ Maximized rewards: We earn the majority of staking rewards without needing to handle the technical complexities, making it a hassle-free way to generate income.
✅ Liquidity retention: We receive liquid tokens as proof of our staked assets, allowing us to stay flexible and use them in other DeFi opportunities.
Cons:
❌ Fees: These providers typically charge a fee ranging from 8% to 25% for their validation services, which can slightly reduce your overall yield.
❌ Smart contract risks: There are inherent risks associated with smart contracts, such as bugs and/or vulnerabilities, that could potentially impact your staked assets.
By weighing these pros and cons, you can decide whether outsourcing your staking through liquid staking providers is the right strategy for you.
Ok, so if that’s the case how do we go about choosing the right liquid staking provider?
Here are some key factors to consider when selecting a provider:
1/ Reputation and security
Track record: Look for providers with a solid track record and a strong reputation in the DeFi space.
Security measures: Ensure the provider employs robust security measures, such as smart contract audits.
2/ Total volume locked
TVL: Check how much liquidity your chosen provider has attracted.
TVL is a quick and effective measure of the broader market's trust in a provider, as it reflects the total amount of assets currently staked or locked in their protocol, valued in dollars.
Feel free to use DefiLlama, which ranks all liquid staking providers by TVL.
Simply select the blockchain you’re interested in, and you’ll see the top players in the space, giving you a clear view of where the most assets are being staked and which providers are leading the market.
3/ Yield rates
Competitive yields: Compare the staking yields offered by different providers. While higher yields are attractive, they should not come at the expense of security or reliability.
Fee structure: Be aware of the fee structure. Liquid staking providers typically charge a small fee for their services, which can impact your overall returns.
4/ Liquidity and flexibility
Liquid staking tokens (LSTs): Check if the liquid tokens issued by the provider are widely accepted across DeFi platforms and have enough liquidity. The more integration and liquidity these tokens have, the better.
Redemption options: Some providers offer instant or flexible redemption options for your staked tokens, which can be crucial if you need quick access to your assets.
5/ Decentralization and governance
Decentralization: Providers that are more decentralized tend to be more resilient to risks such as regulatory actions or central points of failure.
Governance participation: Some providers offer governance rights with their tokens, allowing you to have a say in the protocol’s future direction. This can be an added benefit for those interested in being more involved in the ecosystem.
6/ Community and support
Active Community: A strong, active community can be a good indicator of a provider’s health and future prospects. Engage with the community to gauge the level of transparency and support.
so while you trading and trying to maximize your gains Its good to stake some of your HODL bag as well
Chart Analysis: Establishing Trading Strategies
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Hello, traders.
If you "Follow", you can always get new information quickly.
Please click "Boost" as well.
Have a good day today.
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When you start studying charts, the first thing you learn is about candles.
However, you start studying about the Open, Close, High, and Low of candles.
When you start studying about the Moving Average, you start to think that you understand the charts.
However, when you actually start trading with the Moving Average, you realize that nothing works properly.
So, you start studying other indicators.
-
The above is based on my experience. When you study various charts, you may think you know them, but when you actually start trading, you realize that they don't apply at all.
Where on earth did I go wrong?... What I learned after a long time is that I was wrong from the very beginning.
-
In other words, I realized that my subsequent chart studies were not done properly because I lacked understanding of candles.
When you start studying candles, you study candles of various shapes and patterns.
At this time, you should not be too obsessed with the names of candle shapes or patterns or the conditions that occur and try to memorize them.
It is important to read it repeatedly several times until you can grasp the concept of the arrangements formed by the combination of candle shapes or patterns, that is, the support and resistance points.
Eventually, when the candle shapes or patterns are combined, you can find the volume profile section formed around it, that is, the section where trading volume occurs.
By drawing and marking the support and resistance points you find in this way on 1M, 1W, and 1D charts, you can create a trading strategy on the charts you mainly trade.
That's all the experts in chart analysis say.
In the end, everything is about looking at the combination of candles that make up the chart, finding the corresponding support and resistance points, and trading according to your trading strategy.
A trading strategy is to create a response strategy at the corresponding support and resistance points based on the three things above:
1. Investment period
2. Investment size
3. Trading method and profit realization method
However, since most books do not include trading strategies, you will only learn about the timing of trading and closing of trading using various indicators.
Because of this, there are many cases where you cannot respond to the volatility that occurs after starting trading and end up losing money.
Even so, it is difficult to specifically define the contents of trading strategies.
This is because the investment period, investment size, and trading method are different depending on the individual's investment style.
Therefore, what I can tell you is that you need to set the buy, sell, and stop loss points according to the support and resistance points obtained through chart analysis and wait for a while.
Due to price volatility, you may not touch the buy, sell, and stop loss points or may move past them.
You should learn how to create a trading strategy by modifying the way you respond to these things according to your investment style.
-
One important thing here is that you should mark the support and resistance points in advance through chart analysis before starting trading.
Otherwise, if you start trading and then mark support and resistance points, psychological factors will come into play, which will likely lead to an unexpected transaction.
Don't forget this, and you should practice marking support and resistance points in advance before starting a transaction.
Also, you should avoid analyzing charts after listening to various articles, news, or community content.
The reason is that psychological factors can come into play.
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I think trading is a response to the movement of prices that fluctuate in real time.
Therefore, waiting and determination are necessary.
If you wait too long or do not make a decision and pass it by, there is a high possibility that you will suffer losses or make little profit, so you need something to refer to when waiting or making a decision.
That is the support and resistance points I mentioned above.
-
However, support and resistance points alone do not solve everything.
Therefore, you should add trend lines and various indicators to ask for a method of responding to price fluctuations.
However, since the trend line is formed by a diagonal line, there is a lack of countermeasure strategies using the trend line.
Therefore, the trend line is used to literally find out what the current trend is.
-
Therefore, when it deviates from the trend line, the movement at the support and resistance points is checked and the corresponding response is made.
When trading with a chart consisting of the above two support and resistance points or only the trend line, there are often cases where the transaction cannot be properly conducted due to fakes or sweeps.
Therefore, in order to counter these fakes or sweeps, various indicators are added to the chart.
The most commonly used of these is the price moving average.
Even if you add the price moving average, you realize that it is a curve, just like the trend line, and is therefore not suitable for countermeasure strategies.
So, the price moving average is also used to check the trend, just like the trend line.
-
In that regard, the indicator I recommend is the StochRSI indicator.
The default settings for the StochRSI indicator are 14, 7, 3, 3 (RSI, Stoch, K, D).
The value of the Signal line (EMA) of the StochRSI indicator is 7.
If the StochRSI indicator rises in the oversold zone and maintains the state of StochRSI > StochRSI EMA, it is a buying period.
On the other hand, if the StochRSI indicator falls in the overbought zone and maintains the state of StochRSI < StochRSI EMA, it is a selling period.
However, you should trade depending on whether there is support or resistance at the support and resistance points formed at that location.
Even if there is movement in the StochRSI indicator, it is recommended not to trade if you do not have support and resistance points drawn on the 1M, 1W, and 1D charts.
The reason is that you may feel psychologically anxious, so there is a possibility that the trade will proceed incorrectly.
-
If you can trade with only what I mentioned above and make an average profit, it is because you have established a trading strategy according to your investment style.
-
We need objective information to establish a trading strategy according to your investment style.
We think that this is the only way to minimize the psychological factors that arise when starting a trade.
If you can add various indicators to the chart to obtain objective information and receive support and resistance point information according to them, you can create a trading strategy according to them at any time.
To do this, we used the StochRSI, OBV, CCI, and RSI indicators to display support and resistance points on the price candle part.
And, we added the StochRSI and BW indicators as auxiliary indicators.
The StochRSI indicator added as an auxiliary indicator is not the StochRSI indicator provided by default, but an indicator with a modified formula, so you can share the chart and use it or copy and paste the TS-BW UP indicator to your own chart and use it.
There is no problem using the basic StochRSI indicator.
However, there is a slight difference from what I said, so there may be a slight problem in understanding.
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As above, since the support and resistance points of the 1M, 1W, and 1D charts are drawn on the chart to create a trading strategy, my chart is very confusing and not easy to understand when you first look at it.
And, since there are many indicators that I have not explained, it may be even more difficult to see the chart.
Therefore, to resolve the difficult parts, share the chart, hide the indicators added to the chart, and activate them one by one while looking at them, and you will be able to understand the chart.
If you share the chart, you can use it normally, so you can check the chart from various angles.
-
Have a good time.
Thank you.
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Understanding Price Clustering in the Bitcoin Market█ Understanding Price Clustering in the Bitcoin Market
Price clustering is a phenomenon where certain price levels, particularly round numbers, tend to appear more frequently in financial markets. This study focuses on how price clustering occurs in the Bitcoin market, providing insights that can be valuable for traders.
█ The Psychology Behind Price Clustering
One of the primary reasons behind price clustering in the Bitcoin market is the psychological impact of round numbers. Market participants often perceive prices ending in 0 or 00 as significant, which leads to a concentration of buy and sell orders around these levels. This behavior is not unique to Bitcoin; it has been observed across various financial markets, from stocks to foreign exchange.
For instance, when Bitcoin prices approach a round number like $30,000 or $50,000, traders might expect strong resistance or support at these levels. This expectation can lead to increased trading activity, causing prices to cluster around these key levels. The psychological importance of these numbers can also cause traders to place stop-loss or take-profit orders around them, further reinforcing the clustering effect.
█ Key Findings from the Study
⚪ Clustering Around Round Numbers: The study highlights that Bitcoin prices tend to cluster around round numbers, such as $10,000, $20,000, or $50,000. This is primarily driven by psychological barriers, where traders view these round numbers as significant price levels, leading to an increased concentration of trading activity.
⚪ Impact of Time Frames: The extent of price clustering varies significantly with the time frame. In shorter time frames (like 1-minute or 15-minute intervals), price clustering is less pronounced due to the randomness of price movements. However, as the time frame lengthens (hourly or daily), the clustering effect becomes more apparent, suggesting that traders may be more likely to anchor their strategies around these round numbers over longer periods.
⚪ Differences in Open, High, and Low Prices: The study also finds differences in clustering patterns between open, high, and low prices. High prices tend to cluster around the digits 8, 9, and 0, while low prices cluster around 1, 2, and 0. Open prices generally show less clustering, suggesting they are less influenced by immediate market psychology. This pattern suggests that traders should pay particular attention to high and low prices during trading sessions, as these are more likely to show clustering around key levels.
High Price: This is the highest price that Bitcoin reaches during a specific time period (for example, during a day or an hour). The study found that high prices cluster more around certain numbers, especially numbers ending in 0 or 9. So, high prices often end in numbers like $10, $100, $1,000, or $9,999 because traders tend to react to these round numbers.
Low Price: This is the lowest price Bitcoin hits during a certain time period. Similar to high prices, low prices also cluster, but more around numbers ending in 0 and 1. So, low prices might end in numbers like $10, $1,001, or $5,001.
Why is there a difference?
High prices tend to cluster at numbers ending in 0 or 9 because those feel like natural stopping points for traders.
Low prices tend to cluster at numbers ending in 0 or 1 for similar reasons.
⚪ Price Level Influence: The study highlights that clustering behavior changes with the overall price level of Bitcoin. At lower price levels (e.g., below $10,000), there is more clustering around multiples of 5, such as $25, $50, or $75. As the price increases, the significance of these smaller increments diminishes, and clustering around larger round numbers becomes more dominant.
█ Practical Insights for Retail Traders
Understanding price clustering is crucial for traders because it sheds light on how market participants behave, particularly around psychologically significant price levels. These insights can help traders anticipate where the market might encounter resistance or support, allowing them to make more informed decisions.
⚪ Identify Key Psychological Levels: Retail traders can benefit from identifying and monitoring round number levels in Bitcoin prices, such as $10,000, $30,000, or $50,000. These levels are likely to act as psychological barriers, leading to increased trading activity. Understanding these levels can help traders anticipate potential support or resistance areas where price reversals may occur.
⚪ Adjust Trading Strategies Based on Time Frame: The study suggests that the effectiveness of using price clustering in trading strategies depends on the time frame. For short-term traders, clustering may be less reliable, but for those operating on longer time frames, clustering around round numbers could provide actionable signals for entry or exit points.
⚪ Focus on High and Low Prices: Retail traders should pay particular attention to clustering in high and low prices during a trading session. These prices are more likely to exhibit clustering, indicating areas where traders might place stop-loss orders or where price reversals could occur. By aligning their trades with these clusters, traders could improve their risk management. If you’re setting stop-loss orders, for instance, placing them just beyond a cluster point could help you avoid being stopped out prematurely by normal market noise. Similarly, identifying clusters at high prices could offer better opportunities for taking profits.
⚪ Consider the Overall Price Level: The level at which Bitcoin is trading also affects clustering. For example, when Bitcoin is at a lower price, traders might find opportunities by focusing on price levels ending in 5 or 0. However, as Bitcoin’s price increases, clustering becomes more concentrated around larger round numbers. Adjusting trading strategies to consider the current price level can enhance decision-making.
Price Clustering at Low Levels (<$10 USD):
There is significant clustering at prices ending in 0, but also notable clustering at prices ending in 5, which acts as a psychological barrier at these lower levels. Prices ending with 50 are also frequently observed as significant psychological barriers. Clustering is weaker overall at these levels compared to higher price ranges, but still noticeable at certain intervals.
Price Clustering at Mid-Levels ($100–$1,000 USD):
Clustering becomes more focused on round numbers like 00, 50, and 25. As prices increase, clustering around smaller numbers like 5 or 10 reduces. Larger psychological barriers, such as 100 and 500, emerge as significant points of clustering.
Price Clustering at Higher Levels (≥ $10,000 USD):
At these price levels, clustering becomes even more prominent around major round numbers like 10,000, 20,000, etc. The last two digits 00 become much more frequent, and there is almost no clustering at digits like 5 or 1. Clustering becomes very strong at larger round figures, with a strong psychological barrier hypothesis at play.
Summary of Clustering at Different Levels:
Low Prices (<$10): Clustering at 5, 10, 50, and 100.
Mid Prices ($100–$1,000): Strong clustering at 00, 50, and 25.
High Prices (≥$10,000): Dominant clustering around 00 and multiples of 1,000 (e.g., 10,000, 20,000).
█ Conclusion
Price clustering is more than just an academic concept; it’s a practical tool that can significantly enhance your trading strategy. By understanding how prices tend to cluster around psychological levels, adapting your approach based on time frames, and recognizing the impact of Bitcoin’s price level, you can make more informed trading decisions. By integrating these insights into your trading plan, you’re not only aligning your strategy with the behavior of the broader market but also positioning yourself to capitalize on key price movements. Whether you’re a seasoned trader or just starting out, the knowledge of price clustering can help you navigate the volatile Bitcoin market with greater confidence and precision.
█ Reference
Xin, L., Shenghong, L., & Chong, X. (2020). Price clustering in Bitcoin market—An extension. Finance Research Letters, 32, 101072.
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Disclaimer
This is an educational study for entertainment purposes only.
The information in my Scripts/Indicators/Ideas/Algos/Systems does not constitute financial advice or a solicitation to buy or sell securities. I will not accept liability for any loss or damage, including without limitation any loss of profit, which may arise directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on such information.
All investments involve risk, and the past performance of a security, industry, sector, market, financial product, trading strategy, backtest, or individual's trading does not guarantee future results or returns. Investors are fully responsible for any investment decisions they make. Such decisions should be based solely on evaluating their financial circumstances, investment objectives, risk tolerance, and liquidity needs.
My Scripts/Indicators/Ideas/Algos/Systems are only for educational purposes!
What if I gave you all these stats? How would you trade it?I ran a bunch of stats on a signal generator that I have. These signals are generated using an impulse reversion logic that I created. I'm trying to figure out how best to make a winning strategy with options. I believe I have such a strategy, but I'm not an option trading expert so that I would like your thoughts and opinions. Based on my math, it requires two option contracts at any given time, and IWM has a pretty sweet profitability of about $1.20-$1.70 per signal.
A signal has an entry price. A certain distance from that will be the TP price, and below the entry, with a certain distance, would be the SL price.
Once Entry triggers, SL is hit 73.62% of the time
If not TP is hit 26.38% of the time
TP is hit within a day 98.53% of the time
SL is hit within a day 99.65% of the time
Often, SL is hit within 3.3hrs 97.16% of the time
After SL, TP is hit 88.90% of the time
Within 3 days, previous SL trades hit TP 87.24% of the time
After SL price can move another $1+ from the SL level 52.73% of the time
The average TP distance is $1.18 from Entry
The average SL distance is $0.40 from Entry
How would you trade options with such stats?
"Day Trading" at 3am?!?!What is day trading?
If I were to ask you for your definition of day trading, what would you tell me? Go ahead and type it in the comments below.
Spoiler alert! Its getting into the market at or near the opening price (of that current day of trade) and out before the close, something like this ..
Exploring PAMM AccountsExploring PAMM Accounts
Navigating the complex world of trading becomes easier with the right tools and options. PAMM accounts offer a unique opportunity for investors to leverage the skills of experienced traders. This article delves into the essentials of these accounts, discussing their mechanics, how to choose a PAMM manager, and what you need to know to get started.
What Is a PAMM Account?
PAMM stands for "Percent Allocation Money Management." In simple terms, it's a type of trading account where an experienced trader (known as the manager) handles the trading on behalf of other investors. Investors allocate a portion of their capital to the account, and the manager uses this collective fund to execute trades. This system automatically distributes gains and losses among the investors based on their share in the system.
PAMM Account Mechanics
In a PAMM account, the manager and investors have specific roles. The manager is responsible for making trading decisions and executing trades. The investors, on the other hand, contribute capital but are not involved in the day-to-day trading activities. The allocation of profits and losses is determined by the percentage of the total fund each investor holds.
When it comes to the distribution of profits, different brokers may use various methods such as equity ratio, lot allocation, or even custom plans. There are also various types of accounts. At FXOpen, we offer PAMM ECN, STP, and Crypto* accounts, which each come with their own unique advantages and disadvantages.
Evaluating PAMM Managers
Choosing the right PAMM investment manager is a critical step in your investment journey. Firstly, assess the manager's performance records, including returns on investment and drawdowns. Look for consistency rather than short-term gains; a stable track record over an extended period is a reliable indicator of skill.
Secondly, examine their risk management strategies. At FXOpen, you can dig deep into various statistics, like their drawdown, overall gains, trade duration, and more. This will help you gain a well-rounded view of the manager’s risk management style.
Lastly, ensure transparency. The manager should be willing to provide regular updates and be open about their trading strategies. A well-documented performance history and audited financial statements are good signs that a manager is transparent and reliable.
Investing in PAMM Accounts with FXOpen
If you don’t want to grant a random manager with your own funds, you can use modified PAMM mechanics at FXOpen. Here, Percent Allocation Master Module is not an asset management tool. It is a technical opportunity for one Customer (“Follower”) to follow strategies of another Customer (“Master”). The funds allocated to PAMM trading remain in the accounts of the parties, but are separated from other funds and cannot be used for any other purposes.
By using the FXOpen PAMM account, a Follower can benefit from trading but don’t need to do market research, trade and monitor positions themselves. In their turn, Masters can use funds exceeding their own capital, also, they receive a guaranteed fee for doing so.
You can start by opening an investment account and depositing your initial funds. Different account types may have varying minimum deposit requirements, so make sure to check the specifics.
Next, it’s good to identify your investment goals and risk tolerance. FXOpen offers a range of Masters, from conservative to aggressive strategies. You can look at our PAMM Account Rating page to find the best PAMM accounts suitable for you.
Once you’ve invested, you'll be able to monitor your investment’s performance in real time via a user-friendly interface.
The Bottom Line
Understanding and investing in PAMM accounts can be a valuable strategy for diversifying your trading portfolio. From choosing a reliable manager to monitoring your investment, we provide all the tools you need for a positive experience.
To get started on your journey, consider opening an FXOpen account. You’ll gain access not only to a curated selection of PAMM accounts and masters but also to a wide range of markets and the advanced TickTrader platform, equipping you with the tools for trading success.
PAMM accounts aren’t available to FXOpen EU and FXOpen UK clients.
*At FXOpen UK and FXOpen AU, Cryptocurrency CFDs are only available for trading by those clients categorised as Professional clients under FCA Rules and Professional clients under ASIC Rules, respectively. They are not available for trading by Retail clients.
This article represents the opinion of the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand only. It is not to be construed as an offer, solicitation, or recommendation with respect to products and services provided by the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand, nor is it to be considered financial advice.
The Art of the Ride | Daily Trading Psychology The Art of the Ride: From Skateboards to Surfboards in Bali (My Trading Experience)
In the symphony of life, there are few experiences as raw and exhilarating as the glide of a board beneath your feet. It starts with a skateboard as a teenager—a piece of wood and four wheels that challenge the laws of gravity and the patience of your parents. But this isn’t just about doing tricks in a concrete jungle; it’s about learning balance, resilience, and the fine art of wiping out and getting back up.
Fast forward a few years, and that skateboard turns into a longboard. The streets become longer, the pace a bit slower, and the turns more graceful. It’s a transition, much like moving from fast trades to holding positions overnight—less about quick gains, more about the flow. You begin to understand that the journey is the destination, that every ride has its own rhythm, and sometimes, the best move is just to coast.
But then, the allure of water calls. It’s not enough to ride on asphalt; the ocean beckons with its endless waves and unpredictable currents. Bali becomes the perfect backdrop for this new chapter. Surfing lessons here aren’t just a crash course in balance—they’re a masterclass in humility. The waves don’t care how good you were on a skateboard or a longboard; they demand respect, patience, and an entirely new kind of balance.
In Bali, the journey of learning to surf is much like learning to trade. The first few waves (or trades) will knock you off your board, spit you out, and leave you gasping for air. But with each attempt, you learn. You start to feel the rhythm of the ocean, much like you learn to read the charts in trading. There’s a stoic acceptance that you won’t always ride the wave perfectly, but the key is to paddle back out, analyze what went wrong, and try again.
There’s also a certain poetry in the idea of progression—from the rigid streets of skateboarding to the fluid waves of surfing. It mirrors the evolution of a trader, from the high-energy, short-term plays to the more calculated, longer-term strategies. And maybe, just maybe, after mastering the ocean, the snowy peaks of a ski slope might be the next frontier. It’s the ultimate lesson in adaptability, knowing that the medium might change, but the principles—balance, persistence, and the thrill of the ride—remain the same.
In trading, as in surfing, it’s not about the waves you catch but the lessons you learn along the way. Some days, the ocean is calm, and you might feel like you’re just floating, waiting for the next big set. Other days, it’s rough, and every wave feels like a battle. But the beauty lies in the process, the continuous dance with the elements, and the understanding that, in the end, it’s all about the ride.
So whether you’re carving down a street, gliding across a wave, or contemplating your next move on the slopes, remember that each ride teaches you something new. Each fall is a step closer to mastering the craft, be it in sports or trading. And if you can learn to find joy in the journey, the destination, no matter where it is, will be all the sweeter.
There’s a certain charm in embracing the unpredictability of life, much like the markets. So, here’s to the next wave, the next trade, and the next adventure.
T.L. Turner
What is Reward to Risk Ratio | Forex Trading Basics
Planning your every Forex trade, you should know in advance the profit that you are aiming to make and the maximum amount of money you are willing to lose.
In this educational article, we will discuss risk reward ratio - the tool that is used to compare your potentials losses and profits in Forex trading.
What is Reward to Risk Ratio
Let's start with an example. Imagine you see a good buying opportunity on EURUSD. You quickly identify a safe entry point, your take profit level and stop loss.
From that trade you are aiming to make 100 pips with a maximum allowable loss of 50 pips.
To calculate a reward to risk ratio for this trade, you simply should divide a potential gain by a potential loss:
R/R ratio = 100 / 50 = 2
In that particular example, reward to risk ratio equals 2 meaning that potential gain outperform a potential loss by 2.
Let's take another example.
This time, you decide to short USDJPY.
From a desirable entry point, you can get 75 pips rerward with a potential loss of 150 pips.
R/R ratio = 75 / 150 = 0.5
Reward to risk ratio for this trade is 75 divided by 150 or 0.5.
Such a ratio means that potential loss outperform a potential gain by 2.
Positive and Negative Reward to Risk Ratio
Risk to reward ratio can be positive or negative.
If the ratio is bigger than 1 it is considered to be positive meaning that a potential gain outperforms a potential loss.
R/R ratio > 1
If the ratio is less than 1 , it is called negative so that potential loss is bigger than potential risk.
R/R ratio < 1
On the left chart above, the reward for the trade is bigger than a risk.
Such a trade has positive reward to risk ratio.
On the right chart, the risk is bigger than a reward.
This trade has negative reward to risk ratio.
Why?
Knowing the average risk to reward ratio for your trades, you can objectively calculate the required win rate for keeping a positive trading performance.
With R/R ratio = 0.5
2 winning trades recover 1 losing trade.
You need at least 70% win rate to cover losses of your trading.
With R/R ratio = 1
1 winning trade, recover 1 losing trade.
You require at least 50% win rate to compensate your losses.
With R/R ratio = 2
1 winning trade recovers 2 losing trades.
You will need at least 35% win rate to cover losses of your trading.
In the example above, the trading setups have 0.5 reward to risk ratio. In such a case, 2 winning trades will be needed to win the money back for 1 losing trade.
Forex trading involves extremely high risk. Risk to reward ratio is a number one risk management tool for limiting your risks. Calculating that and knowing your win rate, you can objectively decide whether a trade that you are planning to take is worth taking.
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Coping Strategies for Dealing with Losing TradesIn trading, one of the greatest challenges isn't just the technical analysis, financial expertise, or market knowledge—it's psychology. Loss aversion, a well-known concept in behavioral economics, can distort decision-making and lead to poor trading outcomes. This psychological bias, where the pain of losses or being wrong weighs more heavily than the joy of equivalent gains, can lead traders to hold onto losing trades longer than necessary, refuse to cut losses or execute damage control, or even double down in an attempt to recover.
1️⃣ Understanding Loss Aversion as a Bias
The first step to overcoming loss aversion is recognizing it as a psychological bias. Loss aversion is the tendency to fear losses more than we value equivalent gains. Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky’s prospect theory demonstrated this powerful force, where losses impact our emotional state more than potential rewards. For traders, this means the agony of a $100 loss feels much worse than the thrill of a $100 gain.
I always remind myself that this bias isn't about market logic—it's about human emotion. Knowing that loss aversion clouds judgment helps me avoid irrational decisions, such as holding onto a bad trade with the hope of recovery. It’s not about ignoring the emotional side of trading but recognizing it as part of the process.
2️⃣ Set Pre-Defined Risk Limits
One of the most effective ways to handle loss aversion is through setting pre-defined risk limits. Before entering any trade, I always determine the maximum amount I’m willing to sustain in drawdown. By setting these boundaries in advance, it ensures that I don’t make emotional decisions once I’m in the heat of a trade.
Knowing the exact risk exposure before entering a position helps balance rational decision-making and prevents the emotional spiral of “hoping” the market will turn.
3️⃣ Reframe Losses as Learning Experiences
Reframing is a mental strategy that can turn loss aversion into an advantage. Instead of focusing purely on the financial loss, I always saw closing out of the money positions as learning opportunities. Each close provided valuable insight into my damage control strategy, market conditions, or my own psychology.
For example, when I went through a very rough damage control cycle early in my career, instead of simply being discouraged, I asked myself: What could I have done better? Was I trading against the market trend? Was I over trading? By reframing, I’m able to evaluate mistakes constructively rather than emotionally, making me a better trader in the long run.
4️⃣ Focus on Long-Term Performance, Not Single Trades
Loss aversion often arises when traders zoom in on individual trades rather than seeing their performance over time. The reality is that not every trade will be profitable when using stop losses, and accepting this fact is crucial. You should aim to focus on your long-term performance and overall risk management instead of dwelling on short-term losses.
For instance, I’ve had days when nothing seemed to go right, with nothing moving in my prefered direction. However, by taking a step back and reviewing my entire portfolio over a period of months, I was able to see a consistent upward trend, even with occasional lulls. This long-term view shifts my mindset from obsessing over individual positions to managing an overall edge-based winning strategy.
5️⃣ Use a Journaling Process to Document Emotional Reactions
Keeping a trading journal has been one of my most effective tools for managing the psychological challenges of trading, especially at the beiginning of my journey. In this journal, I didn't just record the technical details of each trade; I also document my emotions. Did I feel fear, anxiety, or frustration during the trade? Did I act out of emotion rather than analysis?
Reflecting on these emotional reactions helped me pinpoint when and how loss aversion influenced my decisions. Over time, I’ve been able to identify patterns, such as when I’m more prone to emotional decisions. Acknowledging these triggers helped me manage them more effectively, improving both my emotional regulation and trading performance.
6️⃣ Develop a “Letting Go” Mindset
One of the hardest lessons I’ve had to learn as a trader is how to let go of a bad trade. Loss aversion makes us want to “win” back what we lost, but in the world of trading, this mindset can lead to even more devastating losses. Instead of letting the emotional toll of the setback dictate my next move, I practiced the art of detachment.
One strategy I use is to treat each trade as an isolated event. Whether the outcome is positive or less desirable, it’s essential to accept it and move on without carrying the emotional baggage into the next trade. This doesn’t mean ignoring my losses or drawdown but instead recognizing them as part of the journey and not defining my success as a trader. Letting go allows me to maintain a clear head and stick to my trading plan without being swayed by emotions.
7️⃣ Diversify Your Portfolio to Spread Risk
A diversified portfolio is a great way to mitigate the emotional impact of loss aversion. By spreading investments across different asset classes—such as forex, commodities, and indices—I can minimize the potential for any single trade or market to ruin my portfolio.
For example, in the recent market turmoil, having exposure to multiple currencies and commodities helped balance drawdown in one area with gains in another. This diversification ensures that my overall risk exposure is lower, reducing the psychological pressure of individual losses. It allows me to approach each trade with a more objective mindset, as the stakes of any single position are less impactful on my overall financial well-being.
The psychology of loss aversion can be a significant hurdle for traders, but by employing these strategies, it’s possible to mitigate its effects and make better, more rational decisions. Losses and drawdown are part of trading, but how we respond to them is what separates successful traders from the rest.
What Are Asset Classes? Definition and MeaningWhat Are Asset Classes? Definition and Meaning
In the realm of finance and investing, you may have come across the term "asset class". This article is designed to help you understand its definition, its meaning, and its significance in your investment journey.
Asset Class Definition
In a nutshell, an asset class refers to a grouping of investments that exhibit similar characteristics and are subject to the same laws and regulations. The classification is based on attributes such as risk, return, and the market dynamics that drive them.
The asset class meaning implies that the investments within each class are believed to behave similarly and should, therefore, have the same place in a trader's portfolio. They offer a structured way to diversify a portfolio, thereby helping to minimise risk while maximising return.
How Many Asset Classes Are There?
The next logical question would be, how many assets can we trade? Traditionally, there were three main asset classes - equities (stocks), fixed Income (bonds), and cash or cash equivalents. But, the modern financial markets have expanded this list and now include many others, such as real estate, commodities, foreign exchange (forex or FX), and cryptocurrencies*.
What are the different asset classes? And what is an example of an asset class? Now that we've established a fundamental understanding of what an asset class is let's take a look at the asset classes list and further discuss a few examples to learn more.
Equities
The equity asset class refers to stocks and shares of publicly traded companies. When you invest in equities, you're essentially buying a small piece of ownership in a company. The return on these investments typically comes in the form of capital gains (i.e., selling the stock at a higher price than what you paid for it) or dividends paid out by the company.
However, you can also trade stocks. This won’t bring you dividends but will allow you to trade on a price increase and decline. CFD trading is one of the options. Trading stocks involves researching and analysing numerous factors, including the company's financial health, industry trends, and broader economic indicators, as well as technical indicators and chart patterns. If you want to trade stock CFDs, you can open an FXOpen account.
Fixed Income
This asset class includes investments like government bonds, corporate bonds, and other debt instruments that pay a fixed amount over a specific period. The primary source of return is the interest paid on the borrowed funds.
One of the primary characteristics of fixed-income investments is the regular income they provide. This makes them particularly attractive to those seeking a consistent income stream. Additionally, the risk associated with fixed income is typically lower than that of equities.
Investors in fixed income pay attention to factors such as interest rates, credit quality of the issuer, and the bond's maturity date. Changes in interest rates can affect bond prices, and investors should consider their risk tolerance and investment objectives when selecting bonds.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are financial assets that are highly liquid and can be readily converted into cash. These assets are considered to be very safe and easily accessible, making them an essential part of a company's or an individual's financial portfolio.
Cash includes physical currency (coins and banknotes) as well as deposits in bank accounts that are available for immediate withdrawal. Cash equivalents, on the other hand, are short-term investments that are highly liquid and have a typical maturity period of three months or less from the date of purchase. These investments are close to maturity and carry a minimal risk of changes in value due to their short-term nature.
Commodities
This class includes raw materials and resources that can be traded in various markets. They include items like gold, oil, agricultural products, and metals. Commodities are usually used as a hedge against inflation, as their prices can rise when the general price level increases. Additionally, commodities can provide a diversification benefit because their prices are driven by different factors than equities and fixed income.
Commodities are typically traded on futures exchanges. Nevertheless, market participants have the opportunity to tap into the commodity sphere via Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), diversified mutual funds, and Contracts for Difference (CFD). Commodity trading requires an understanding of the specific market factors that impact each asset. Additionally, commodity prices can be volatile, so risk management strategies are crucial when trading these assets.
Real Estate
Investing in physical properties, whether residential, commercial, or industrial, comes under this asset class. Returns are derived from rental income or selling the property for a profit.
Investing in real estate involves various considerations that differ significantly from those of other asset classes, including high entry costs, management responsibilities, market risk and diversification. Real estate can be directly owned, or investors can gain exposure to this asset class through real estate investment trusts (REITs) or real estate-focused funds.
Cryptocurrencies*
This is a relatively new addition to the asset class family. These digital or virtual assets use cryptography for security, with Bitcoin and Ethereum being well-known examples.
Cryptocurrencies* are decentralised, meaning they are not controlled by any central bank or government. They can be transferred directly between parties via the Internet without the need for a middleman.
You can trade cryptocurrencies* on crypto exchanges or via different financial instruments, including CFDs. When trading a cryptocurrency CFD*, you don’t need to own the underlying asset. You trade on price movements, predicting future price direction based on comprehensive analyses. Trading cryptocurrencies* involves a high level of risk due to their extreme volatility. Therefore, it’s vital to know how margin trading works and understand how to reduce risk exposure with various risk management strategies.
If you want to trade shares, commodities, or cryptocurrencies*, you can try the TickTrader platform.
Investment Asset Classes and Portfolio Diversification
These are the most popular examples of the types of asset classes. The complexity and diversity of these categories signify the importance of understanding the different asset classes before making investment decisions.
Knowing the different instruments and their characteristics is essential for any investor. The key to building a successful portfolio is not just about selecting individual investments but more about allocating funds among these trading categories.
Diversification across financial asset classes reduces risk because different assets react differently to the same economic event. For instance, when inflation rises, it might be harmful to bonds but could be good for commodities like gold. So, a diversified portfolio is expected to balance out the losses in one class with gains in another, stabilising the overall returns.
Final Thoughts
In the world of investing, various asset classes offer distinct opportunities and risks. Equities offer growth potential, fixed income provides stability, commodities offer diversification, cash and cash equivalents provide low-risk opportunities, and cryptocurrencies* introduce new possibilities. When talking about trading, commodities also provide diversification and hedging opportunities; while stocks allow traders to benefit from significant price fluctuations, the high-volatility nature of cryptocurrencies* makes short-term trading exciting. If you are interested, you can trade shares, commodities, and cryptocurrencies* on the FXOpen platform.
*At FXOpen UK and FXOpen AU, Cryptocurrency CFDs are only available for trading by those clients categorised as Professional clients under FCA Rules and Professional clients under ASIC Rules, respectively. They are not available for trading by Retail clients.
This article represents the opinion of the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand only. It is not to be construed as an offer, solicitation, or recommendation with respect to products and services provided by the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand, nor is it to be considered financial advice.
How I Made $2M in the Stock Market | Daily Trading PsychologyNicholas Darvas, a name that echoes through the annals of trading history, was not your typical Wall Street insider. A professional dancer by trade, Darvas' entrance into the stock market was as unconventional as his approach. His book, How I Made $2,000,000 in the Stock Market, offers insights that are as relevant today as they were in the mid-20th century. But the core of Darvas' success wasn’t rooted in complex algorithms or insider information—it was rooted in his mindset.
Darvas' journey is a testament to the idea that trading is 95% mental and only 5% technical. He didn't rely on flashy indicators or news headlines to guide his trades. Instead, he developed a disciplined, almost detached mindset. This stoic approach allowed him to navigate the unpredictable waves of the stock market with a level head, something that many traders today still struggle to achieve.
The essence of Darvas’ method was simplicity combined with self-control. He famously developed the "Darvas Box" theory, a straightforward yet effective technical analysis tool. However, it wasn’t the box that made him millions; it was his mental approach to the market. He treated trading as a business, with strict rules and a clear strategy. When the market moved against him, he didn’t react emotionally or second-guess his strategy. Instead, he adhered to his plan, trusting that his disciplined approach would yield results in the long run.
For traders looking to elevate their game, Darvas’ experience offers a critical lesson: master your mind, and the rest will follow. Emotions like fear and greed are the biggest enemies in trading. By maintaining a calm, almost indifferent attitude towards market fluctuations, traders can avoid the pitfalls that come with emotional decision-making. This mental fortitude allows for a focus on the bigger picture, rather than getting caught up in the noise of daily market movements.
In practical terms, this means developing a trading plan and sticking to it, regardless of short-term results. It means setting clear goals, knowing when to enter and exit trades, and—perhaps most importantly—accepting losses as part of the game. Darvas didn’t win on every trade, but his stoic mindset ensured that when he did lose, it didn’t derail his overall strategy.
In the end, the real takeaway from Darvas' story isn’t just about the money he made—it's about how he made it. By prioritizing mental discipline over technical complexity, traders can position themselves for long-term success. The markets will always be unpredictable, but with the right mindset, traders can navigate them with confidence and clarity.
T. L. Turner
10 Effective Tips for Trading Profitably Without IndicatorsIn the fast-paced world of financial markets, trading profitably is a skill that every professional aspires to master. While indicators are commonly used tools for making trading decisions, there's a growing trend towards trading without relying on them. If you're a professional trader looking to enhance your trading strategies and achieve profitability without indicators, these ten tips will guide you on your journey.
Price action is the most direct representation of market dynamics. By focusing on price movements and patterns, you can interpret market sentiment and make informed trading decisions without the need for indicators.
Identifying key support and resistance levels on your charts can help you anticipate price movements and determine optimal entry and exit points. These levels are crucial for making trading decisions based on pure price movements.
Candlestick patterns provide valuable insights into market psychology and potential price reversals. Learning to recognize and interpret these patterns can give you a competitive edge in your trading strategies.
Effective risk management is essential when trading without indicators. Set clear stop-loss levels, calculate position sizes based on your risk tolerance, and adhere to disciplined money management principles to protect your capital.
While trading without indicators, trend analysis becomes even more critical. Identifying market trends and aligning your trades with the prevailing direction can increase your chances of success in the absence of traditional indicators.
Trading without indicators requires a high level of discipline and patience. Avoid impulsive decisions, stick to your trading plan, and wait for clear signals based on price action and analysis.
Stay informed about market news, economic events, and geopolitical developments that could impact the financial markets. Conducting thorough market analysis will help you make informed trading decisions based on fundamental factors.
Volume can provide valuable insights into the strength of a price movement. Analyzing trading volume alongside price action can help confirm potential trade setups and validate your trading decisions.
Understanding your emotions and psychological biases is crucial when trading without indicators. Develop mental discipline, manage stress effectively, and cultivate the mindset of a successful trader to navigate the challenges of indicator-free trading.
Continuous learning and improvement are key to mastering the art of trading without indicators. Explore new trading strategies, attend webinars, read trading books, and seek mentorship from experienced professionals to refine your skills and stay ahead in the competitive financial markets.
How to Trade Profitably without Indicators
Based on the insights shared and the site activity data analysis focusing on forex trading, it's evident that traders are embracing alternative approaches to trading, including strategies that do not rely on traditional indicators. By following these ten effective tips, professionals in the financial markets can navigate the complexities of trading without indicators, enhance their trading skills, and strive for profitability with confidence and precision.
How To Reset Your Money Paradigm | Trading PsychologyMoney isn't the root of all evil; the lack of money is! If you're a trader, you know this better than anyone. You’re out there every day, battling the markets, trying to turn your hard-earned dollars into more hard-earned dollars. But let me tell you, your success isn't just about charts and indicators; it's about what’s going on between your ears—your money psychology. Your mind is either your greatest asset or your biggest liability. So let’s get into how to reset that money paradigm and become truly prosperous!
5 Bullet Points on How to Reset Your Money Paradigm:
Money is a Divine Substance
Inspired by Catherine Ponder
Stop thinking of money as some cold, hard, external thing you have to chase after. Money is energy—Divine Substance! When you align yourself with prosperity, you don’t chase money; it chases you! Start affirming every day: “I am one with the energy of abundance, and money flows to me effortlessly!”
Change Your Inner Talk, Change Your Outer Reality
Inspired by Joseph Murphy
What do you say to yourself about money? “I can’t afford it,” or “I never have enough”? Cut it out! Your subconscious is always listening, and if you feed it scarcity, that’s what it’ll deliver. Instead, say things like, “I am wealthy in every way,” and watch how your financial reality begins to shift.
Leverage the Power of Compound Interest—On Your Thoughts
Inspired by Sebastian Mallaby
In trading, we all love the magic of compound interest. Well, guess what? Your thoughts work the same way! Start compounding positive, wealth-attracting thoughts, and over time, the interest will pay off big. Just like in finance, the earlier you start, the better your returns.
Expand Your Money Consciousness
Inspired by Catherine Ponder
Most people live with a 'just enough' mentality—just enough to pay the bills, just enough to get by. But if you’re going to be a successful trader, you need to expand your money consciousness. Think bigger! Envision yourself with more than enough. Prosperity loves a grand vision, so give it something to work with!
See the Market as a Mirror
Inspired by Rev Ike (yes, that’s me!)
The market reflects your beliefs about money. If you believe money is hard to come by, you'll see scarcity in the market. If you believe in abundance, you'll find opportunities everywhere. So, start seeing the market as a mirror of your inner world and polish that mirror with thoughts of prosperity and abundance.
So, beloved traders, remember this: money isn’t something you earn; it’s something you align with. Reset that paradigm, and you won’t just trade for money—you’ll attract it like a magnet!
Trade Safe, TL Turner
How to Optimize Your Investments and Navigate Economic SeasonsThe economy operates in recurring phases of expansion and contraction, known as business cycles or economic cycles. These cycles play a fundamental role in shaping economic activity, employment, and investment decisions. In this article, we will explore the different phases of the business cycle, relate them to the seasons of the year, and discuss how investors and businesses can navigate these cycles effectively.
🔵𝚆𝙷𝙰𝚃 𝙸𝚂 𝙰 𝙱𝚄𝚂𝙸𝙽𝙴𝚂𝚂 𝙲𝚈𝙲𝙻𝙴?
A business cycle refers to the fluctuation of economic activity over a period, encompassing periods of growth and decline. It is measured through changes in key economic indicators such as GDP (Gross Domestic Product), employment, consumer spending, and industrial production.
Business cycles typically follow a regular pattern, starting with a phase of expansion, followed by a peak, a period of contraction or recession, and eventually a trough, after which the economy recovers and the cycle begins anew.
🔵𝙱𝚄𝚂𝙸𝙽𝙴𝚂𝚂 𝙲𝚈𝙲𝙻𝙴𝚂 𝙰𝙽𝙳 𝚃𝙷𝙴 𝚂𝙴𝙰𝚂𝙾𝙽𝚂 𝙾𝙵 𝚃𝙷𝙴 𝚈𝙴𝙰𝚁
Each phase of the business cycle can be compared to a season of the year, which provides a helpful way to visualize the economic conditions at play:
Spring (Recovery) : After the trough (winter), the economy enters a phase of recovery. Like spring, it's a time of renewal, with growth resuming and businesses beginning to thrive again. Employment rises, consumer confidence improves, and investment increases.
Summer (Expansion) : The economy reaches its full strength during the expansion phase. Just like summer brings warmth and energy, this phase brings rising consumer confidence, employment, and production. Companies grow, and investments yield high returns.
Autumn (Weakening) : As the cycle peaks, the economy starts showing signs of weakening, much like the cooling of autumn. Consumer spending and business growth slow down, and inflation may rise. The peak signals that the economy is at its maximum potential, and a slowdown or contraction may follow.
Winter (Contraction or Recession) : In winter, the economy enters a recession, characterized by declining economic activity, falling production, and rising unemployment. Just as winter halts nature’s growth, a recession slows down economic growth. This is the time when businesses may suffer losses, and consumer confidence weakens.
🔵𝙸𝙼𝙿𝙰𝙲𝚃 𝙾𝙵 𝙱𝚄𝚂𝙸𝙽𝙴𝚂𝚂 𝙲𝚈𝙲𝙻𝙴𝚂 𝙾𝙽 𝙳𝙸𝙵𝙵𝙴𝚁𝙴𝙽𝚃 𝚂𝙴𝙲𝚃𝙾𝚁𝚂
Business cycles affect various sectors of the economy differently. Some sectors, like consumer discretionary and industrials, tend to perform well during expansions but suffer during recessions. Others, such as utilities and consumer staples, may be more resilient during downturns, as they provide essential goods and services.
For example:
Technology and Manufacturing : These sectors are highly sensitive to business cycles and tend to flourish during periods of expansion due to increased consumer and business spending.
Healthcare and Utilities : These sectors often remain stable during recessions because demand for healthcare and essential services remains constant.
Crypto Sector:
SP500:
🔵𝙽𝙰𝚅𝙸𝙶𝙰𝚃𝙸𝙽𝙶 𝙱𝚄𝚂𝙸𝙽𝙴𝚂𝚂 𝙲𝚈𝙲𝙻𝙴𝚂 𝙰𝚂 𝙰𝙽 𝙸𝙽𝚅𝙴𝚂𝚃𝙾𝚁
Investors can use knowledge of the business cycle to adjust their portfolios. During expansion phases, growth stocks and cyclical industries may offer better returns.
Risk-On vs. Risk-Off Investing in Different Business Cycle Phases
During periods of economic expansion (summer), the environment is often referred to as "risk-on." Investors are more willing to take risks because economic growth drives higher returns on riskier assets, such as equities, growth stocks, or emerging markets. As consumer confidence, business spending, and investments increase, the potential rewards from higher-risk investments become more appealing.
Example of risk-on and off of cryptocurrency
Example of risk-on and off of Stock Market
However, during periods of economic contraction or recession (winter), investors typically shift to a "risk-off" strategy. In this phase, they seek to protect their capital by moving away from high-risk assets and toward lower-risk investments like government bonds, blue-chip stocks, or cash. The focus shifts to preserving wealth, and risk-taking is minimized or eliminated.
Investors may use leading and lagging indicators to anticipate where the economy is headed. Leading indicators, such as stock market performance or consumer confidence, tend to signal changes before the economy as a whole moves. Lagging indicators, like unemployment or corporate profits, confirm trends after they occur.
🔵𝙶𝙾𝚅𝙴𝚁𝙽𝙼𝙴𝙽𝚃 𝙿𝙾𝙻𝙸𝙲𝙸𝙴𝚂 𝙰𝙽𝙳 𝙱𝚄𝚂𝙸𝙽𝙴𝚂𝚂 𝙲𝚈𝙲𝙻𝙴𝚂
Governments often intervene to smooth out the extremes of business cycles through fiscal and monetary policy. During recessions, governments may implement stimulus packages, cut taxes, or increase spending to boost demand. Central banks may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing and investment.
Conversely, during periods of rapid expansion and inflationary pressure, governments may raise taxes or cut spending, while central banks might increase interest rates to prevent the economy from overheating.
🔵𝙲𝙾𝙽𝙲𝙻𝚄𝚂𝙸𝙾𝙽
Business cycles are a natural part of economic activity, influencing everything from consumer spending to corporate profitability and investment strategies. By understanding the phases of the business cycle (or seasons of the economy) and their impact on various sectors, investors and businesses can better position themselves to navigate economic fluctuations.
Whether the economy is expanding or contracting, being aware of the current phase of the business cycle helps guide decisions, manage risks, and seize opportunities.